Typically, an aircraft with fixed wings can be separated into dozens of parts. For cohesion, we will classify and introduce different parts of the flying vehicle according to their functions.

The first group of components is classified as components that are associated with the controlling of the aircraft. These components are wings (generate lift), flaps (increase lift), slats (increase lift, can be typically seen on modern planes), ailerons (change roll by changing torque acting on the flying vehicle), spoilers (decrease lift and increase drag), elevators (change pitch by changing torque), horizontal stabilizers (provide pitch stability), rudder (change yaw by changing torque), vertical stabilizer (provide yaw stability).

The extension process of flaps and slats on the wing (animation based on X-Plane 11)

The movement of the aileron on the left-side wing

The movement of spoilers on wings

The movement of elevators

The second group of components is classified as components that are related to providing power and electricity, which are the engine/engines (provide thrust) of the flying vehicle.

The third group of components is classified as components that contribute to the protection and support of the passengers, cargo, and the flying vehicle. They are fuselage (carry things and protect them) and landing gears (support the flying vehicle when it is on the ground).